Which of the following defines 'probable cause'?

The definition of 'probable cause' is best encapsulated by the statement that it is a belief based on personal observation or evidence. This concept is a fundamental principle in law enforcement and legal proceedings, serving as the threshold that law enforcement officers must meet before making an arrest, conducting a search, or obtaining a warrant.

Probable cause requires a factual basis that is demonstrable and justifiable, grounded in observable facts or reliable information rather than mere intuition or conjecture. This standard ensures that decisions made by law enforcement are accountable and based on objective criteria, fostering the protection of individuals' rights under the Fourth Amendment against unreasonable searches and seizures.

In contrast, the other choices do not align with the legal definition of probable cause. A suspicion without any evidence does not establish the factual basis necessary for intervention by law enforcement. Similarly, a hunch lacks the necessary evidence to warrant action, and a reason based on hearsay is also insufficient, as hearsay typically does not meet the reliability standard needed to establish probable cause. Effective legal and law enforcement practices hinge on clear and concrete evidence rather than assumptions or unverified claims.